Industrial heat exchanger applications dealing with highly corrosive fluids demand the use of thermoplastic heat exchangers because of the chemically inert and anti-fouling nature of the thermoplastics. A non-conventional joining framework. based on the friction stir welding (FSW) technique. is used to form high-quality thermoplastic tube-to-tubesheet joints (TTJs). https://www.hindirochakkahaniya.com/